“The Blue Network” is a name affectionately bequeathed by one former brigadier general Vaknin-Gil1. Gil served as an intelligence officer for the Israeli Air Force, Chief Censor of the state of Israel, and Director General of the Ministry of Strategic Affairs and Public Diplomacy. An interesting note: the only Wikipedia page that has a page for her is the Spanish version of Wiki.

This network is a conceptual framework and operational coalition of pro-Israel actors, organizations, and influencers designed to counter the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) supporters and anti-Israel activists. It was part of a broader Israeli government-backed initiative to combat perceived threats through intelligence gathering, cyber operations, and propaganda efforts.

The Blue Network (“The Network”) was tasked with combatting anti-Israel sentiment within the United States. Their targets? Boycott movements and activist causes aimed at supporting Palestinians as well as individuals who bring attention to distasteful activities by the Israeli government and IDF. Because they were operating on American soil and against American citizens and politicians, secrecy was of the utmost. The need for secrecy behooved them converting America’s own people into individuals that would ‘fight’ on Israel’s behalf.

Israel has constructed an assembly line for propaganda production, dissemination, and indoctrination through their ‘war room’ created in the Blue Network. In this article the Jerusalem Post, while very cleverly and politically, openly states that they are training volunteers (many of which are college students) to produce content and coordinate efforts to spread pro-Israel propaganda. If you click on the link for the article (which I recommend) I want you to hone-in on the word ‘hasbara.’

When searching for the definition of hasbara the result gives you “enlightenment.” Keep in mind we are dealing with intelligence operations, they rely on the manipulation of perception through language. One could argue that ‘enlightenment’ is equal to propaganda that justifies one side’s biases, including desire for war. Similar to efforts deployed by the Nazi empire to justify ethnic cleansing of a rival or hated group of people.

The Hasbara War Room was created by Yarden Ben-Yosef, who proclaimed himself as an expert in cognitive influence operations. The War Room was funded by Sheldon Adelson and Adam Milstein, housed in the Interdisciplinary Center at Herzliya, and began operations by going to work against criticism of Israel for its war against Gaza back in 2014. (Why does this sound so familiar?) This war room, along with the Act.il platform, not only coordinated with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Strategic Affairs, as well as intelligence agencies, but was also manned by current and former Israeli intel officers.

I want you to pay attention to more than just the structure of these operations. Focus on the execution. Really pay attention to the strategies deployed to manipulate Americans from voicing their opinions. A project of note is Cyber Shield. Which I will be covering later.

The Hasbara War Room coordinated and directed groups of volunteers to engage in online trolling behavior to attack their victims “like digital wolf packs4.” These attacks included insidious strategies of persistent doxing (which can be particularly dangerous when the address of an individual is made available online, opening them up to swatting attacks that have seen a rise in popularity over recent years) and campaigns of ad hominem and slander like those relying on calling individuals Nazis. In a sinister way, this approach is quite comical since the directing entity (the Israeli government and military complex) is the one that is pushing propaganda to support the ethnic cleansing of an entire people. I also want to add that the strategy of using baseless slander—calling individuals Nazis for simply not holding the same position as themselves—sounds awfully akin to strategies that have been used in the polarized political discourse here in the US as of late. Which is rapidly losing its effectiveness as the population has continued to become wholly desensitized to the fears of public opinion around the baseless claims.

These activities have been described as an "online propaganda campaign" and "a virtual situation room of pro-Israel experts," with users guided on how to respond using provided talking points (scripts) and ready-made memes. This aligns with the description of the Blue Network as a tool turning thousands of Americans into a "robotic army of Israeli trolls," managed by a headquarters near Tel Aviv, working with the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Strategic Affairs.

Operations such as Project Butterfly and Canary Mission and the Act.il platform were within the Blue Network to bully individuals into silence and submission, while also collecting intel for later use and the generation of dossiers.

Beyond American Universities

The Blue Network’s activities were not limited to spying on, and manipulating, students and campus staff like Canary Mission or Project Butterfly. A man by the name of Shamai Kedem Leibowitz was tasked with spying on the Israeli embassy. Leibowitz was reading emails, monitoring conversations, and reading NSA reports that were detailing secret operations to influence Congress. This influence included consistent pressure to back a potential Israeli nuclear strike on Iran7.

The Network’s operational capacity and reach did not stop there either. Former Congressman Tom Hayden (and ex-husband to Jane Fonda) described an interaction with one Michael Berman that gives us a peak into The Network’s reach into the world of Hollywood:

“Twenty-five years ago I stared into the eyes of Michael Berman, chief operative for his congressman-brother, Howard Berman… ‘I represent the Israeli defense forces,’ Michael said. I thought he was joking. He wasn’t. Michael seemed to imagine himself the gatekeeper protecting Los Angeles’ Westside for Israel’s political interests… Since Jews represented one-third of the Democratic district’s primary voters, Berman held a balance of power.’8”

The Hollywood angle will be talked about later.

Further yet, one project that was part of the Blue Network—Cyber Shield—was produced to also spy on practicing and devout Christians, and even labor unionists. Cyber Shield had direct access to Israeli intelligence resources to carry out its missions.

Echoes

By creating a pro-Israel echo chamber on US campuses the network very effectively indoctrinates America’s next generations, which creates soldiers to push Israel’s objectives without these citizens’ knowing. In 5GW: War Without Consent I discuss the mechanisms that make every individual across the globe explicitly susceptible to the kinds of strategies deployed by Israel’s Blue Network.

By manipulating America’s youth on campuses and through social media, blackmailing and pressuring American politicians, and manipulating public discourse through organizations like the ADL, Israel effectively has turned America into a puppet-state.

Israel’s operations under the Blue Network include, but are not limited to:

• Psy Group

• Canary Mission

• Project Butterfly

• Cyber Shield

• White Knight

• Wikistrat

• Concert

• Act.il

I will be writing more about Israel’s clandestine activities that have been so beautifully covered by the likes of James Bamford, Jack Poulson, and others into the future. These essays here are intended to be much more condensed information sourced from others’ work that need to be shared. I cannot recommend Bamford’s book or Poulson’s substack enough. Bamford’s book can be purchased off Amazon here. The density of information presented is beyond comparison, I cannot recommend his work enough.

Like, subscribe, and share these pieces out. Americans need to know what forces are bearing down upon them, their families, and their peers.

Subscribe now

"Project Butterfly" emerged as a codename for Psy Group’s campaign against BDS activists, a movement advocating for economic and political pressure on Israel over its policies toward Palestinians. The operation was detailed in various reports, including articles from The New Yorker and Wikipedia entries, which highlight its scope and objectives. Psy Group, known for employing former Mossad operatives, operated in a legal gray area, as Israeli state intelligence is prohibited from spying on American citizens, but private entities face fewer restrictions.

Psy Group aimed to "destabilize and disrupt" BDS from within by crafting a "new reality" where activists faced consequences—often branded as terrorists in donor pitches. Seeking $2.5 million for year one of a three-year plan, plus $1.3 million more in 2017, they sold it as "investing in Israel’s future," all shrouded in secrecy to mask ties to Israel or Jewish-American groups. Their tactics included scouring the web and social media for dirt—like compromising photos of pious Muslim students—and leaking it via untraceable avatars, a "name-and-shame" strategy that silenced some, as activists "disappeared" from the scene, per a former employee. Fake news sites and personas further smeared BDS as terrorism, part of a "narrative warfare" infrastructure detached from Israel.

Project Butterfly was the execution arm of Psy Group’s operations while Canary Mission was more aptly the intel gathering aspect of Psy Group. Canary Mission did the identification, targeting, and narrative building that Project Butterfly relied upon.

High-profile figures fueled the controversy: Psy Group founder Royi Burstien led with ex-Mossad deputy Ram Ben-Barak calling it "a war," and former Netanyahu adviser Yaakov Amidror backing it after legal clearance from Daniel Reisner. Netanyahu himself advised. Targets included Hatem Bazian of American Muslims for Palestine, hit with terrorism-labeling fliers outside his home in May 2017. Legally murky—exploiting private-entity loopholes—and ethically fraught with disinformation and personal attacks, it drew criticism for trampling civil liberties, especially as U.S. agencies struggled to counter it, per The Nation.

This should alarm the average citizen, raising questions about U.S. policy’s tolerance for foreign meddling on its soil. It casts doubt on the moral justifications for Israeli support parroted across social media and digital entertainment—from Hollywood to cable news—while hinting at similar influences seeping into music and sports. Project Butterfly’s impact lingered, quieting some activists but sparking debate over private intelligence and U.S.-Israel ties, even after its website, outlawbds.com, faded.

The operation began in February 2016, with a focus on up to ten U.S. college campuses, including the University of California, Berkeley. This timing coincided with heightened tensions around BDS activities, particularly on university grounds, where student activism was prominent.

The primary goal, as outlined in Psy-Group documents from May 2017, was to "destabilize and disrupt anti-Israel movements from within." This was achieved by creating "a new reality" where activists faced consequences for their actions, often equating their activities with terrorism in messaging to donors. To fund these efforts, Psy-Group sought $2.5 million for the first year of a three-year plan, pitching to donors that they were "investing in Israel’s future." In 2017, they also requested an additional $1.3 million, emphasizing secrecy to ensure no links to Israel or the Jewish-American community were traceable.

Psy-Group’s methods involved sophisticated intelligence-gathering and influence techniques. They scoured the internet, social media, and the "deep" web for derogatory information about BDS activists. For instance, if a student claimed to be a pious Muslim, operatives would search for compromising photos, such as those showing alcohol consumption or extramarital affairs, and release them online via avatars and untraceable websites. This "name-and-shame" tactic aimed to silence individuals, with a former employee noting that some activists "would disappear" after such exposure, becoming less engaged in activism.

The operation also included creating fake news outlets and phony social media personas to spread disinformation, branding BDS supporters as terrorists. This was part of an "infrastructure for narrative warfare—alternative messaging and negative platforms," as described in internal plans, ensuring activities were not connected to Israel.

Project Butterfly involved several high-profile figures, adding to its controversy. Royi Burstien, Psy-Group’s founder, led the initiative, while Ram Ben-Barak, a former Mossad deputy director and director general of Israel’s Ministry of Strategic Affairs from 2014 to 2016, was enthusiastic, calling it "a war." Yaakov Amidror, former national-security adviser to Benjamin Netanyahu, advised the project after legal confirmation from outside counsel Daniel Reisner, stating, "If it’s legal, I don’t see any problem." Notably, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu also served as an adviser to Psy-Group for this project, linking it to state-level interests.

The operation showed particular interest in individuals connected with American Muslims for Palestine, including its founder, Hatem Bazian, a lecturer at UC Berkeley and professor at Zaytuna College. In May 2017, fliers labeling Bazian as supporting terrorism were found outside his home, exemplifying the personal impact of these tactics.

The legality of Project Butterfly was a point of contention. While Mossad is barred from spying on American citizens, Psy-Group, as a private entity, operated without such restrictions, employing ex-Mossad operatives. This raised concerns about foreign interference in U.S. affairs, particularly given the operation’s focus on American students and faculty. Reports suggest U.S. intelligence agencies struggled to respond, facing legal and jurisdictional challenges, as noted in The Nation’s coverage.

Ethically, the operation’s methods—spreading disinformation, targeting individuals with personal attacks, and equating activism with terrorism—drew criticism. It subjected students and faculty to unwarranted investigations, false accusations of antisemitism, and reputational damage, often amplified through national cable and broadcast news.

The impact of Project Butterfly included silencing some activists, with reports indicating individuals became less engaged after derogatory information was publicized. However, it also sparked broader debates about the role of private intelligence firms in international politics and the protection of civil liberties in the U.S. The operation’s closeness to Netanyahu and its use of state-like tactics highlighted tensions between private and state interests, particularly in the context of Israel-U.S. relations.

Psy-Group’s website, outlawbds.com, which published information about BDS leaders, is now defunct, but the legacy of Project Butterfly continues to be discussed in media and academic circles, especially regarding foreign influence and campus activism.

Referred to as a “private Mossad,” Psy Group is the kind of private organization that the spy corner of Hollywood drools over. Staffed by former Israeli spies and those with links to the Israeli government, the word “secret” is Psy Group’s very business. Their business operations were unique. Specializing in psychological warfare, their motto was “shape reality,” more specifically they were experts “in innovative influence and intelligence activities tailored to a client’s unique needs1.”

Psy Group deployed bots running fake social media profiles to manipulate unwitting individuals. By utilizing fake websites and bots pretending to be the accounts of real people on platforms such as Facebook, the firm worked on changing people’s perceptions and thus their actions.

Through a tactic known as ‘nudging,’ psychological operations teams achieve changing an individual’s perceptions through very small and minute suggestions. The smaller the better. They are less noticeable and thus avoid setting off alarms for the target. No defenses getting raised leaves the target more susceptible (suggestible) to the uptake of new information and conclusions, regardless of the nature of the nudge.

“They would include threats, intimidation, harassment, covert influence operations, troll farms, fear mongering, blacklists, and espionage. The key was turning thousands of Americans into clandestine Israeli agents to spy on and carry out the operations against their fellow citizens. Secrecy, emphasized Vaknin-Gil, was therefore critical.2”

This makes Psy Group a valuable asset to regimes and organizations with ambitions of shaping narratives, evolving political ideations of entire populations, and even getting these citizens to believe aspects of their reality that are simply not real, while in the same breath denying the actual reality. These psychological operations can weaponize the very desires of their targets against their own best interests and then become cemented in the target’s psyche thanks to the Brandolini Effect. The victims will fight, tooth-and-nail, to defend a lie that they have been convinced of. All while being none the wiser.

“One of the principles for success is keeping our methods of action secret…

Since most of the ministry’s actions are not of the ministry, but through bodies around the world who do not want to expose their connection with the state, we must protect the information whose exposure could harm the battle.3”

—Gilad Erdan, Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations ‘20-’24

Psy-Group was established on December 22, 2014, as a private intelligence firm, focusing on covert operations and digital influence campaigns. It was owned by Joel Zamel, an Australian-Israeli businessman with ties to intelligence circles, and led by Royi Burstein, who served as CEO. Burstein, a former lieutenant colonel in the Israel Defense Forces, brought significant military intelligence experience to the firm, shaping its operational approach.

Psy Group’s most notable and debated involvement was in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election, where it allegedly pitched services to the Trump campaign. According to The New York Times, Rick Gates, a senior Trump campaign official, sought online manipulation plans from the firm. This included a meeting on August 3, 2016, at Trump Tower, attended by Donald Trump Jr., George Nader, and Joel Zamel, among others.

A significant and unexpected detail emerged regarding a post-election payment: George Nader, a close adviser to the United Arab Emirates, paid Joel Zamel up to $2 million. The reasons for this payment are disputed, with one account, as reported by The New York Times, suggesting it was for a presentation on the significance of social media in Trump’s victory. However, Nader and Zamel have provided differing accounts, and the exact purpose remains unclear, fueling ongoing investigations into potential foreign influence.

This payment, part of Mueller’s probe, highlights the complexity of private intelligence firms’ roles in elections, raising questions about legality and ethics. The firm’s activities also extended to other campaigns, such as efforts against Ukrainian reformers, which some reports suggest served Russian interests, adding to the controversy.

Beyond the U.S., Psy Group was involved in a number of global operations. One example was a campaign against BDS (Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions) activists aiming to counter pro-Palestinian movements. This mission is none other than the previously discussed Canary Mission. Another involved corporate legal challenge related to data on computers used by Psy Group in a case against West Face Capital, with the Israeli court blocking data erasure in June 2019.

Psy Group ceased operations in February 2018 following the Mueller Report as well as a number of other legal battles like the West Face Capital case. The firm’s activities have contributed to broader discussions on regulating private intelligence firms, especially in “democratic processes,” with evidence leaning toward the need for tighter oversight to prevent foreign interference.

If it isn’t clear yet I assure you that in your future it will be. Intelligence firms, operatives, and operations themselves—military, private, or otherwise—do not simply cease. The informant networks do not go away. The humanint aspects do not magically disappear. And the desire for information, the more private the better, never ends.

Joel Zamel has stayed plenty busy since the of Psy Group. Following the official ceasing of operations, Zamel has gone on to spool up Wikistrat, White Knight Group, and Joel Zamel Investment Group.

Canary Mission is a secret Israeli operation (with an ops center hidden within the United States) that profiles students, professors, and organizations involved in pro-Palestinian activism, often labeling them as antisemitic or terror supporters. While its operators remain anonymous, reports have tied it to Israeli government interests and funding from American Jewish foundations, such as the Helen Diller Family Foundation via the Jewish Community Federation of San Francisco, and an Israeli charity, Megamot Shalom.

*As a personal note, I do not believe that this operation is or was limited to only Palestinian activism. I believe that Canary Mission, and its strategic relationships, is used to gather intel and data on individuals speaking against Israeli/IDF activity and initiatives. It uses publicly available data (e.g., social media posts) to create detailed dossiers, aiming to intimidate activists and harm their future employment prospects.

It maintains a database of student activists, professors, and organizations, primarily targeting those at North American universities. According to its website, it "documents individuals and organizations that promote hatred of the US, Israel, and Jews on North American college campuses and beyond," investigating hatred across the far-right, far-left, and anti-Israel activists. The site is run anonymously, with operators justifying secrecy due to fears of physical harm. Well over 2,000 individuals have become victims of this operation, with 500+ of them being professors—some of whom are Jewish.

Canary Mission gathers content from publicly available sources, such as social media, and “validates” materials submitted privately through its website. It aggregates this information into concise, searchable profiles, providing free access to the public. The profiles are often detailed, including personal information like childhood photos, and have grown to include thousands of students and professors engaged in pro-Palestinian or anti-Israel activism. It also profiles a handful of white supremacists and antisemites, which has led to criticism for grouping them with activists.

“…there has been so little reported on the secretive organization that Project Censored named Canary Mission one of the Top Ten Underreported Stores of 2021. [1]”

The site claims to be motivated by combating the rise in anti-Semitism on college campuses, pursuing its mission by presenting the words and deeds of individuals and organizations engaged in anti-Semitism, racism, and bigotry. It features campaigns and exclusive videos, such as "Bringing The War Home: The Palestinian War on America" and "Rape Denial: The New Way to Dehumanize Jews," here.

Then there is the "Ex-Canary" option, where individuals previously investigated can have their profiles removed if they reject anti-Semitism within far-right, far-left, and anti-Israel groups, including Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP), Jewish Voice for Peace (JVP), and the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement. This requires acknowledging past mistakes and embracing tolerance and coexistence, with inquiries directed to the Contact Us page on the site.

This quite literally translates to a “we will stop calling you anti-semites—,” which is effectively calling someone a Nazi in today’s age (and Israel knows this, very well), “—in exchange for you toeing the line.” This is intimidation, coercion, and the establishment of dominance over the individual. These are tactics core to the operations of organized crime and criminal syndicates.

It looks like Canary Mission is secretly funded by wealthy Jewish Americans and Jewish American foundations, with money funneled through Israeli nonprofits. These include but are not limited to the Helen Diller Family Foundation and the Central Fund of Israel (as reported by Forward), and The Jewish Community Federation of San Francisco. Controlling the Diller Foundation with net assets over $800 million and an annual budget over $100 million, is involved, with two federation staff on its board in 2016. Megamot Shalom, an obscure Israeli nonprofit with an address in Beit Shemesh described as a run-down abandoned building, received approximately $165,000 in the last six months of 2016, operating or having operated Canary Mission.

Additional funding includes $250,000 from an anonymous contributor via the Jewish Community Foundation of Los Angeles to Megamot Shalom, as per Forward. The Central Fund of Israel also transfers donations to Megamot Shalom, funding extremist settler groups like Lehava. Allegations suggest Adam Milstein, a multimillionaire and convicted felon, funds Canary Mission, though he denies it, as per an Al Jazeera investigation (linked below). The Diller family, headed by billionaire Sanford Diller, supports right-wing Islamophobic organizations, adding to the controversy.

Reports indicate direct links to the Israeli government like the Ministry of Strategic Affairs, which has been funding and dictating strategies to attack the movement for Palestinian rights, as noted in Palestine Legal. This raises legal concerns, with suggestions that Americans funding Canary Mission could be acting as agents of a foreign power, potentially committing a serious crime, as discussed in The Nation.

The evidence leans toward Canary Mission's funding and strategic alignment implying involvement with Israeli intelligence. The Ministry of Strategic Affairs, a highly secretive intelligence organization focused on the US, is known for its anti-BDS efforts, and The Nation describes Canary Mission as a "key intelligence asset" for the ministry, used to prevent individuals from entering Israel and visiting family, including Jews and Palestinians. This alignment is further supported by statements from the Israel on Campus Coalition (ICC), which shares its "operations and intelligence brief" with the ministry, boasting about Canary Mission's effect on activists, as noted in Palestine Legal.

On the ICC:

“One of those secret conduits is the Washington-based Israel on Campus Coalition (ICC), a key player in the Blue Network. Because much of the boycott activity takes place on college campuses around the United States, targeting and spying on student activists has become a high priority for Israel. This is often done secretly by fellow students belonging to Jewish and pro-Israel on-campus organizations. Once gathered, that intelligence on their fellow Americans is fed to the ICC, which acts as a sort of command center for on-campus spying. ‘The ICC pools resources from all of the campus organizations. So that they’re tapped in on all angles,’ Lila Greenberg, the senior national organizer for AIPAC, told undercover reporter Tony Kelinfeld.

‘We built up this massive national political campaign to crush them,’ boasted Jacob Baime, referring to Americans on campuses across the country who support Palestinian human rights and the boycott. The ICC’s executive director was meeting with Kleinfeld at the organization’s Washington headquarters. On the hidden camera he described ICC as basically a clandestine Israeli military command. ‘It’s modeled on General Stanley McCrystal’s counterinsurgency strategy in Iraq. We’ve copied a lot from that strategy that has been working very well for us actually. And one of the pieces is this Operations and Intelligence Brief.’

That intelligence brief, containing secret details about targeted American students, is then passed on to the Ministry of Strategic Affairs, according to Baime’s director of operations, Ian Hersh. ‘In terms of information sharing, we did add the Ministry of Strategic Affairs to our Operations and Intelligence Brief,’ he said. Baime told Kleinfeld that he also ‘coordinates with’ and ‘communicates with’ the ministry.”

“They were striking revelations, indicating that Israel is illegally operating a secret nationwide campus spying operation within the United States, and Baime and his staff may potentially be acting as covert foreign agents for Israel. Beyond spying, the ICC engages in covert operations against the innocent American students, with its ‘massive national political campaign to crush them.’ [1]”

Canary Mission has faced significant criticism for its tactics, described as doxxing and blacklisting, intended to intimidate and silence critique of Israel. It has been compared to McCarthyist witch hunts and authoritarian regimes, with accusations of open racism and misleading claims. For instance, it has been criticized for targeting Jewish supporters of Palestinian causes, such as JVP, IfNotNow, and Mondoweiss, equating criticism of Israel with anti-Semitism, which Jewish Voice for Peace condemns as a false assertion.

The site’s profiles have been used by Israeli intelligence, such as the Ministry of Strategic Affairs and Shin Bet, to interrogate and deny entry into Israel.

The impact on activists is daunting to say the least. A survey by Palestine Legal found over 200 individuals reported effects:

• mental health issues

• 42% suffering acute anxiety

• 43% toning down activism

• paranoia

• dissociative panic attacks

Legal and travel issues include being interrogated and deported from Israel, with some visited by the FBI due to profiles, as noted in Palestine Legal. The blacklist has been described as killing the student movement, reducing the ability to hold big actions or events, with organizers noting a chilling effect on campus activism, as discussed in Arab America: Canary Mission: Suppressing Activism and Stifling Freedom of Speech.

One clear pattern I am observing here is how closely related these tactics are to the recent wave of Swattings that have been targeting “Right-Wing,” Conservative influencers and media personalities. Without speculating too far, I believe it would be wise to consider investigating the similarities between Canary Mission’s tactics and those deployed against American citizens as of late.

Furthermore, are the speculations of blackmail against other citizens of the United States. Citizens such as RFK Jr., who recently spoke with Dave Smith. RFK had a moment of pause and hesitation when asked about Israel that sent an unsettling shutter through the screen that caused the hairs on the back of one’s neck to stand at attention.

I will continue to dig into this activity by Israel and share the information that I find on covert intelligence operations being carried out against American citizens. It should be known that I have no vendetta or wish to stir up hatred against the People of Israel, nor those of the Jewish faith. My interest is in identifying nefarious activity by the Israeli government, the US government, the respective military and intelligence aspects of both, and to identify their methods. This information is pertinent to getting the general public to realize the kinds of legitimate psychological, military activity that has been deployed against them, without their knowledge, for decades.

Expect discussions of how these operations can relate to one another, as well as how these methods can be carried out with extreme ease into other vectors and initiatives.

Sources:

1. Bamford, James. Spyfail: Foreign Spies, Moles, Saboteurs, and the Collapse of America’s Counterintelligence. Twelve, Hachette Book Group, 2023.

The Haversack Ruse stands as a fascinating example of military intelligence schemes of deception during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I, particularly during the Third Battle of Gaza in October 1917. This operation, while celebrated for its ingenuity, is also shrouded in controversy.

The Sinai and Palestine Campaign was a critical theater of World War I. British forces, under General Sir Edmund Allenby, sought to push back Ottoman control in the region. After two failed attempts to take Gaza in 1917, the Haversack Ruse was conceived as part of a broader strategy to break the stalemate. The operation involved the intentional loss of a haversack, a type of bag often used by soldiers shown above, containing falsified British battle plans. These documents were designed to mislead the Ottoman forces into believing that the main British attack would target Gaza, while the actual focus was on Beersheba, a strategically important location to the east.

The Ruse

This haversack was filled with an array of items to enhance its authenticity: a staff officer’s estimate complaining about the command’s focus on Gaza, reports on logistical challenges at Beersheba, an agenda for a meeting at Allenby’s headquarters, a telegram about a reconnaissance patrol, a map with arrows pointing to Gaza, a detailed operations order indicating a main attack on Gaza with an amphibious landing, rough notes about a wireless cipher, a large sum of pound banknotes, and personal letters, such as one from Meinertzhagen’s sister announcing a baby’s birth. Supporting deceptions included dummy wireless messages decipherable with a captured cipher code, a Desert Mounted Corps message complaining about the lost haversack, notices to subordinate units requesting its return, and patrols discarding sandwiches wrapped in a bogus operations order.

Share

We have to stop here for a second. A solid filter to apply to intelligence operations, especially those reported to the public, is the presentation of ‘too perfect’ of evidence. In type of evidence, and especially in this case, in amount. Speed of the evidence being provided—and reported on—is also a reliable filter. Meaning, if there is the perfect type of evidence, a voluminous amount of evidence, and it is reported rapidly after the event (speaking more on today rather than in WW1) we should all be slowing down and asking questions. The type and volume of evidence in the Haversack Ruse suggest the information being simply handed to an organization for immediate distribution. Oftentimes the intent is to redirect attention to a target, from a target, or simply muddy the waters before deeper investigation(s) are carried out. All of the justifications can provide a type of cover for whatever intended operation is being carried out to the extent of the topic even getting buried as a ‘nothingburger’ thanks to the investigation looking legitimate and appearing to be legitimately concluded as well.

The execution of The Ruse involved a staff officer, ostensibly on a reconnaissance mission, being chased by a Turkish patrol, pretending to be wounded, and dropping the blood-stained haversack. This was intended to make the loss appear accidental, increasing the likelihood that the Ottomans would believe the contents. The operation was sanctioned by Allenby in September 1917, with the successful execution on October 10, 1917, by Arthur Neate, as later research confirmed.

Subscribe now

The Operation

Initially, Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen was credited with both conceiving and executing the Haversack Ruse, a claim he reinforced in his diaries and later writings. His account suggested that he let the haversack fall into Ottoman hands, thereby bringing about the British victory in the Battle of Beersheba and Gaza. This narrative was popularized and even impressed figures like T.E. Lawrence, who mentioned it in "Seven Pillars of Wisdom", and was noted in the British Official History for its "extraordinary effect, hardly to be matched in the annals of modern war."

However, subsequent research has cast significant doubt on Meinertzhagen’s involvement. Brian Garfield’s 2007 book, "The Meinertzhagen Mystery: The Life and Legend of a Colossal Fraud," presents evidence that Meinertzhagen fabricated many of his exploits, including the Haversack Ruse. Garfield’s investigation, relying on independent sources from several countries, revealed that the idea was actually that of Lieutenant Colonel J.D. Belgrave, a member of Allenby’s general staff, and the rider who dropped the satchel was Arthur Neate, an active military intelligence officer at the time. Arthur Neate, unable to publicly refute Meinertzhagen’s claims in 1927 due to security norms, corrected the record in 1956 through a letter to the British public. Tragically, Lt. Col. Belgrave, the true author, was killed in action on June 13, 1918, and thus never had the opportunity to contradict Meinertzhagen’s account.

This controversy is further highlighted in sources like a Wikipedia page on Meinertzhagen, which states that his participation has been refuted, and a Haaretz article mentioning the ruse’s role in the Australian 4th Light Horse Brigade’s charge on Be’er Sheva, attributing success to surprise without delving into the authorship dispute.

The impact of the Haversack Ruse on the outcome of the campaign is a subject of debate. According to the Warfare History Network The Haversack Ruse impressed Lawrence Of Arabia, the ruse convinced German commander General Kress von Kressenstein that the main attack would be frontal from the south at Gaza, leading to Turkish deployment errors. This resulted in the capture of Gaza and Jerusalem, with significant Ottoman losses: 12,000 prisoners, 1,000 artillery pieces captured, and 25,000 Turkish casualties compared to 18,000 British casualties from October 31 to December 11, 1917. T.E. Lawrence credited Meinertzhagen for the conception and execution, adding to its legendary status.

However, the Wikipedia page and other sources suggest a more nuanced picture. Ottoman military leaders, led by Kress von Kressenstein, doubted the documents’ authenticity, with von Kressenstein later writing that he did not believe they were real, citing the timing after the rainy season. An account by Turkish Colonel Hussein Husni, Chief of Staff of the 7th Army, noted that Meinertzhagen’s German-sounding name added to suspicions, and no changes in Ottoman positions occurred, indicating no effect on decision-making. This suggests that while the ruse may have caused confusion, its direct influence on Ottoman strategy might have been limited.

Despite these doubts, the cumulative effect of the Haversack Ruse, combined with other deception measures like dummy wireless messages, likely contributed to the British success. The operation’s legacy is evident in its inspiration for later World War II deceptions, such as OPERATION MINCEMEAT, where a corpse was used to plant false information, and its depiction in popular culture, including the 1987 film "The Lighthorsemen" and scenes in "The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles."

Conclusion

The Haversack Ruse’s legacy extends beyond its immediate impact, influencing military strategy and deception operations in subsequent conflicts. Its mention in the British Official History and by figures like Lawrence of Arabia underscores its perceived importance, even if the exact contribution is debated. The controversy over Meinertzhagen’s claims highlights the challenges of historical accuracy, especially when relying on personal accounts, and serves as a cautionary tale about the fabrication of military exploits.

The Haversack Ruse was a pivotal deception operation in World War I, likely effective in its strategic goals despite some Ottoman skepticism. It serves as an example of the flavor of tactics and the lengths at which military intelligence operations are willing to go in order to achieve success—across a myriad of objectives.

Keep in mind that intelligence operations are never singularly focused, they involve immediate outcomes, 2nd+ order outcomes, changes in behavior and countermoves for further intel and data collection, and of course plausible deniability.

I look forward to sharing more on covert military operations so we may discuss how they have been adapted to today, including resources documenting proven evidence, beyond entertaining speculation.

OPERATION HOTFOOT, aka “Project Hotfoot” and originally known as OPERATION AMBIDEXTROUS, was a secretive military training mission from the United States in support of the Kingdom of Laos. It ran from January 22, 1959, to April 19, 1961, as part of the Laotian Civil War, Vietnam War, and Cold War in Indochina. The operation was planned by John A. Heintges, Commander in Chief, Pacific (CINCPAC), and commanded by notable figures such as Donald Blackburn, Arthur D. Simons, and Andrew J. Boyle.

The primary objective was to train soldiers in the Royal Lao Army, cooperating with French military training teams, to counter the communist Pathet Lao and North Vietnamese forces. This was driven by the broader U.S. strategy to prevent communist expansion in Southeast Asia, particularly after the Vietnamese Communist revolutionists invaded Laos in March 1953, occupying areas that would become the Ho Chi Minh Trail.

The operation involved deploying 12 Special Forces Mobile Training Teams, each consisting of 8 men, plus a control team of 11, totaling 107 men. These teams arrived in Vientiane on July 24, 1959, and set up training centers in Luang Prabang, Savannakhet, Pakse, and Vientiane, with additional facilities at Kilometer 22 and Kilometer 17 on Route 13. The training focused on the use of various weapons, including the M1 Garand, Browning Automatic Rifle, M1 Carbine, bazooka, M18 recoilless rifle, and 60mm and 81mm mortars.

Due to Laos’s official neutrality, U.S. soldiers wore civilian clothing and carried Department of Defense (DoD) civil service ID cards, using a cover story as part of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. Their orders stated their destination as Vietnam to maintain secrecy. Language preparation was crucial, with team members receiving tutoring in French and Lao, and required reading included "Street Without Joy" and "The Ugly American" to understand the local context.

The operation saw several rotations, including HOTFOOT I (February 1960-), HOTFOOT II (June 29, 1960-), HOTFOOT III, and HOTFOOT V, which was renamed to OPERATION WHITE STAR on April 19, 1961.

Under President John F. Kennedy, the operation expanded on January 31, 1961, with a request for 9 more training teams, arriving staggered between March and May 1961. On April 19, 1961, the Programs Evaluation Office (PEO) became the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG), allowing teams to resume wearing uniforms.

OPERATION HOTFOOT was conducted in conjunction with a French military mission, reflecting the shared interest in maintaining a non-communist Laos. However, the operation’s covert status was challenged by events like the Bay of Pigs Invasion in 1961, which influenced U.S. policy towards more overt military involvement, leading to the transition to OPERATION WHITE STAR. The operation ended following the Geneva Accords in July 1962, which declared Laos neutral and required the withdrawal of foreign troops, though its impact continued through successor operations.

After OPERATION HOTFOOT ended, its efforts were continued under OPERATION WHITE STAR, which saw increased U.S. military presence and further training of Laotian forces. The operation’s techniques, such as forming and leading indigenous forces, influenced later U.S. Special Forces counterinsurgency strategies, including OPERATION PINCUSHION.

In searching for an operation that that would be comparable to Operations GLADIO and CONDOR, that focused on the Asian continent and would have acted as the launchpad for an expansion (explosion) of follow-on military intelligence initiatives, I came across a very interesting research chain.

Southeast Asia

The Vietnam War (1955–1975) was a brutal and testing period for U.S. military and intelligence operations in Southeast Asia, particularly in the Golden Triangle. Encompassing parts of Burma, Thailand, and Laos—known for opium production. This era saw significant heroin smuggling, often facilitated by complex networks involving local warlords, U.S. military personnel, and intelligence agencies. Remember Frank Lucas and his ‘Blue Magic’ from the film American Gangster?

The Secret War

Several operations during the Vietnam War involved military intelligence and criminal networks, particularly around drug trafficking, though not always under a single named operation.

• CIA Involvement in Laos: The CIA supported anti-communist forces in Laos, including OPERATION MOMENTUM, which involved paramilitary activities and support for the Hmong tribes led by General Vang Pao. This operation transformed the CIA into a war-fighting entity, as noted in Joshua Kurlantzick's article, “How a Tiny Southeast Asian Country Changed the CIA Forever.”
  

• Allegations of Drug Trafficking: Alfred McCoy, in his 1972 book “The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia,” accused the CIA of being complicit in the drug trade by supporting Laotian generals like Ouane Rattikone and Vang Pao, who were involved in heroin distribution. McCoy claimed that the CIA chartered Air America aircraft and helicopters to transport opium harvested by their “tribal mercenaries.” A review in The New York Review of Books, “Heroin, Laos, & the CIA,” further discusses these allegations, noting the CIA's potential role at three levels: coincidental complicity, abetting, and active engagement.

• U.S. Government Response: The United States Department of State responded to McCoy's initial allegations, stating they were “unable to find any evidence to substantiate them, much less proof.” Subsequent investigations by the Inspector General of the CIA, United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs, and United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities (Church Committee) also found the charges unsubstantiated. Historian William M. Leary, after two decades of research, stated Air America was not involved in drug trafficking, emphasizing the CIA's focus was on fighting the war, not policing the drug trade.

• CIA and Golden Triangle: Declassified CIA documents, such as “COVERT ACTION: THE CIA AND DRUGS,” highlight the mingling of American intelligence activities with the opium trade in the Golden Triangle from 1948 onward. The document notes that CIA-backed Kuomintang (KMT) troops settled in Burma after World War II and controlled the opium traffic, with established routes used by both commandos and drug smugglers.

• Military Personnel Involvement: U.S. servicemen were also involved in smuggling heroin, often through personal luggage or military channels. “Guns, Drugs, And The CIA,” states that by 1970, 30,000 Americans in Vietnam were hooked heroin, with smuggling facilitated by military assets. Ron Rickenbach, a former official with the U.S. Agency for International Development, mentioned in the article that early on, they believed they were involved in “not so desirable aspects of the drug traffic” for a larger good.

Over the coming weeks I will be sending detailed information on the joint operations between the CIA, Special Operations Forces (SOF), the French, and Laotian revolutionary forces.

Thanks for reading, make sure to subscribe and share.

The current economic, geopolitical, locally political, and technological environment has resulted in many individuals having taken to a way of thought where they believe in an unknown & shadowy hand guiding our world toward ruin. I am here to provide a counter argument to this position. Bear in mind, I will not be using the c-word that gets so flippantly thrown around, as I am most interested in this being a thought exercise. This argument will be based on a few points-of-view that I have already written about previously as well as those that I personally have not written. I will provide links to those individual arguments as they arise in relevance, so that you—the reader—may visit them independently of your own volition.

What is this position that I speak of that seems to be gaining in popularity? That is that the developments in local and national government decision-making are rooted in nefarious intent. That the reason for these developments is a shadowy intent to sacrifice the many for the sake of the few, and particularly with the intent of weakening or destroying individual states, or America as a whole. That a significant, meaningful number of the participants are acting in a manner that represents intent for self-destruction—or in the very least achieving a greater state of weakness. The justifications used tend to be the headline events that have occurred over recent years; the responses to a particular infectious virus, the actions of a broader pharmaceutical industry, the nature of the symptom management industry (aka “healthcare), the precarious events around food, meat and poultry processing plants, the list can go on and on. 

I aggressively disagree with this view.

Without further ado… let’s get into it.

Can It All Really Be Mere Coincidence?

The question: “How long before so many of these failings in deduction and reasoning can occur until they become a statistical impossibility to be mere coincidence? How is what is occurring not a ‘controlled demolition’?”

First, before we get started on my elaborations here, to make sense the reader (you) must have an understanding of what a complex adaptive system (CAS) is. If you do not, I will have multiple writings on this topic, the first of which is here. For those that do understand what a CAS is, we must acknowledge that such a system represents what looks like intelligence as more and more variables are accounted for and inputs (resources) are consumed to maintain its operations (life). Now, when it comes to a CAS, we are dealing with any number of independently motivated actors that are all acting as nodes of the broader system (the CAS)—yes like a neural network or blockchain network. Think of these “nodes” as cells, or individual people; being a part of a large operating system like an economy or a country. Then we must also acknowledge that these individual actors are not going to be of the highest intelligence or capability, simply for the fact that they will not be required to have such standards to maintain a life cycle of relative comfort while abiding by the rules governed by the CAS in which they occupy. Most individuals simply want to be comfortable and capable of reproducing and seeking their own happiness, whatever that may mean. 

This is important to understand as this effectively establishes the standard of quality of the average participant (node) of said CAS, as well as the incentives that drive those individual actors. Both of which are very, very important for consideration when judging the actions of individuals and the systems & mechanisms that are made up of actions by those individuals. Like… businesses… and governments. Essentially every human being as a part of this world is independently motivated to seek out their own success, and the success of their kin first (discard ideologues here, as they are outliers), over the success(es) of an other. Meaning: these individuals are not incentivized to engage in activities that necessarily benefit the system, but themselves—survival comes first. Furthermore, this also means that the individual is not incentivized to consider the consequences or ramifications of their movements for success as they would affect other participants within the broader system. A drug dealer is not incentivized to consider how negatively impacting his product is as that would deter him from seeking his own success, no differently than say… a large pharmaceutical corporation would be. 

So, what’s the point of all of this? My belief is that we are dealing with a complex adaptive system that represents an intelligence, due to the amount of variables accounted for, that is on a trajectory towards negative outcomes that appears to have malignant intent (because it produces a negative feedback loop) but it is actually powered by incompetence in the individual actors due to the incentives acting upon their lives. Not that there is some master plan to bring about the mass death of large portions of the population, nor an active strategy to bring about the downfall of their own country. 

For example, I do not believe that our food quality was destroyed in order to feed the big pharma industry—that’s nonsense. I believe that big pharma, and the symptom management industry (calling it a “healthcare industry” is a joke and an insult to the average citizen), have benefited as a downstream effect. I believe that we learned how to produce highly potent, easily replicable, and very efficient mechanisms to produce processed foods due to a natural inclination for businesses to seek profits, and at the hands of a modernized industrial country. I believe that individual actors bought these foods hand-over-fist because they are delicious (due to their high carbohydrate, fat, and salt content) and cheap. I believe that the ramifications of such foods takes YEARS to observe and identify, all the while their negative effects on public health gain momentum as bodies, like economies, exhibit compounding results (as discussed in this essay). And that’s without any actual nefarious activities by corporations; liiike taking advantage of the bureaucratic system on the side of corporate lobbying and funding “scientific” research that makes their products look healthy and safe—I placed scientific in quotes because when the studies are not allowed to report the actual science due to the relationship of their funding, then it’s simply *marketing* and not actual science.  

To put a bow on this one; I do not believe there is some grand cabal steering America towards ruin—in my opinion that would be giving these implicated groups, organizations and individuals far too much credit. To pull something like that off requires far more intelligence than I believe they are capable of. And yes, this includes an organization that was unelected and incorporates the letters W-E-F in their acronym. I believe that we are witnessing a cascade of failures brought-on by a system driven by high time-preference incentives, stupidity, and greed.

The Sociopathic Magnet

Then there’s the issue of this system “attracting sociopaths.”

This argument does not hold water in any sense. Human beings as a species are natural gamers. We are literally built to poke, prod, and produce strategies that not only allows us to seek out success within a ruleset, but the more clever members of our species devise strategies to use the ruleset of the system in which they abide by to work for them, catapulting them towards success at a rate faster than their peers, as we are also naturally competitive. If you would like an example of this, all you need to do is simply watch children at play with each other. You will witness many instances of the most clever children using the rules of their games to their advantage so they may seek out victory faster than their peers.

Simply possessing the desire to succeed does not automatically make one a sociopath. Sociopaths hold no stock in empathy or valuing of human life, let alone working to avoid the suffering of others. Any system that provides a capability to achieve greater levels of power over their peers will attract sociopaths of every make and model. The greater the honeypot of power; the greater the sociopathic magnet. There is no getting around this reality. 

Power Dynamics and Sociopaths

The issue of the temptations that a fiat currency brings. 

Through my studies and observations I have adopted a philosophy: a society or civilization takes on the philosophies incentivized by the currency with which the average individual transacts on a regular basis. 

What this means is that I believe that a fiat currency, that is capable of being produced flippantly at whatever fleeting whim of whatever individual or group that claims authority over it, will eventually cause the character traits that such a whimsical authority system promotes to bleed into the incentives of the average citizen. For example, following the 2008 GFC bailouts of American banks and industry, the average American (as well as citizens across the world) learned quite a few lessons all at once: (1) from that point on, the name of the game was to become “too big to fail,” doing so meant you could f*ck up at nearly any level and the US government would protect you to avoid mass job loss, (2) the average American would always get sacrificed before anybody in the upper socioeconomic rungs would ever see a day of prison time, regardless of how much loss had occurred across society-broader, and (3) in the race to become “too big to fail,” do whatever it takes to win over your peers; make as much money as fast as possible, rules and consequences be damned. 

What these result in is an incentive structure that rewards frauds, cheaters, liars and thugs. This also results in, yes, attracting sociopaths. So, with this in consideration, it does make the broader system an ample magnet for sociopaths (as discussed previously). *It was very important that we distinguish that a hierarchical or success-rewarding system is not enough to place blame for attracting sociopaths.

As this CAS continues chugging along for longer and longer periods of time, that is driven by incompetence and short-sightedness of individual actors, and is perpetuated by this tainted fiat currency system as laid-out following the GFC, it accumulates higher and higher saturation levels of sociopaths and incompetent short-sighted thinkers. What results is an ever increasing number of negative effects, negative events, and a continuously worsening macro picture… ultimately leading toward a climax—but this is not a fun climax. At which point the system fractures, and cascades of corrections begin to wash back across the system like waves. 

Do you think we’re beginning to witness those cascades? I believe we could be, as I have also described how I believe that this very economic system has been a leading contributor to the cascades in human fertility and public health, which I wrote briefly about with—a specific focus on male health in particular—here.

More Regulations Only Create More Opportunities To Take Advantage

The next question is, “Well shouldn’t we be able to regulate this kind of activity out of our society to prevent these kinds of outcomes?”

The short answer is No. You’re ultimately asking to regulate-away the human condition. We are gamers, we are schemers, and we are greedy. You cannot regulate-out human characteristics with manmade rules or regulations. All that establishing new rules, or more rules, does is allow for fewer and fewer individuals to be capable of taking advantage of the ruleset and the system itself. Resulting in an inevitably ever-increasing wealth inequality gap. This wealth gap doesn’t just include monetary wealth, but educational wealth (real education, not indoctrination), wealth in time, wealth in mental & physical health, and wealth in family & loved ones.

In my opinion, the only effective regulation of CASs is that of natural selection and free markets. In these systems, as in nature, what survives and thrives works. There’s no coddling, or holding back of those experiencing outsized gains over their peers, and there’s certainly no manipulation of the rules to allow one individual or party to survive against the odds outside of shear tenacity & capability.

This also does not mean I am a Libertarian, or some purist Austrian economist. I am simply stating the reality of our situation.

The Reality Of The Human Condition

Now bears the question, “Is this just a reality of the human condition, is humanity doomed to always reach this failing point?”

The short answer here is Yes. However, it doesn’t have to be quite so doomish. We have to look back into history to understand why these failing CASs develop and then charge headlong into the ground like flight MU5375 in the first place. For examples we can look at the long history of The Church, or my personal favorites would be looking at how society at the time reacted to individuals like Galileo or Copernicus. These men pushed forth very revelatory ways of thought, and these new ways of thought challenged the established power of the “elites” of their time. Those elites were incentivized to defend their positions of power, as are all who attain it, and therefore chose to discount the new ways of thought in order to facilitate an ignorance within the populace and their subordinates so that their positions of authority and value could be maintained. Our species is no more evolved now than it was then. 

In honest reflection humanity is doomed to repeat this sigmoid progression of success and failure, yes. History doesn’t repeat, but it does rhyme. However, what doesn’t have to be continued is the potent ignorances that allow these systems to get to such aggressive, widespread, catastrophic failures. 

In Conclusion

I believe that what we are witnessing is a complex adaptive system that is made up of independently motivated actors, acting on short-sightedness and incompetence, that is producing negative outcomes, in which other aspects of the adaptive system benefit from (thereby entrenching the effects), and is rewarding further short-sightedness and incompetence, that is also driven by a fraudulent & broken economic system, which attracts greater and greater numbers of sociopaths and fools, which further entrenches the negative effects as well as further attracts more fools and crazies.

Then, to make matters worse, those that hold positions of power within this parasitic and flailing system are incentivized & motivated to build moats around their hills of success—preventing the march of disruptors that approach with new & innovative ways of thought. Which could provide solutions to the problems & inefficiencies that these individuals’ own success may have created, let alone enabled. Giving it a guise of malfeasance, or willful malignant intent and design, when in reality it is simply a mechanism of incompetence, greed, and high time preference that gets labeled with some great Malthusian Cabal.

That viewpoint is much easier to conceptualize and grab hold of as it requires less consideration & contemplation than my theory laid bare for you here. Not to mention that very theory is also represented over and over again in Hollywood films, like 007’s Spectre or the Jason Bourne story arch. Making it more “fun” to believe in, if that’s the proper word to describe such a thing. I personally believe it is, as the individuals that detail such theories often approach the concept with excitement as if they are getting the “opportunity” to partake in some videogame or film storyline or plot, wrought with excitement and where they get the chance to position themselves as the hero for identifying a secret plot.

This system continues until it breaks under its own weight of stupidity and greed, as intelligence and honor are not rewarded by this system whatsoever. When it does come time to break, the individuals of a high intelligence and honor are ultimately the ones that end up acting as support, as they bear the weight of the cascading society in an attempt to prevent a total loss.

Share

Leave a comment